For your compulsory online posting:
Following your register no, students are to research on each of the three consequences (aftermath) of the Northern Ireland Conflict. They are to do an online research and submit at least 3 paragraphs on one consequences they're assigned to:
Reg 32-35: Political consequences
Reg 36-38: Economic consequences
Reg 39-41: Social consequences
Deadline: Friday (Aug 15) by 4pm sharp.
Your posting will be graded!
Mr Syed
10 comments:
md ariffin reg [32] class 3a2
The catholics and protestants are two different group lived in northern ireland. in the 12th century , ireland was conquer by endland.The enlish bring more protestant in to increase the majority of protestant.when catholic king , james II try to defeat protestant but he failed . protestant control the ireland by not giving basic right such as cant buy land , cant vote , cant join army ,cant receive higher education.
political consequece
Once established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, Northern Ireland was structured geographically to guarantee a unionist majority in its government. In local government the significantly nationalist area of Derry produced a Unionist majority through the gerrymandering of the electoral ward. Ironically, when the issue of gerrymandering was addressed in 1973, the changing of the electoral wards favoured Unionism. Anger at local government control by unionists, and the alleged awarding of social housing to Protestants to ensure unionist majorities in areas with large Catholic populations, was a significant factor in the creation of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association in the 1960s, with a sit-in by nationalist politician
PEOPLE VIEW Austin Currie in a house granted to a 19-year old single Protestant woman who ahead of a large homeless Catholic family triggering off the movement.This was the only known documented case of this having happened. As Currie himself said at the time, "If I had waited a thousand years, I'd never get a better case than this one."
social consequece
people in northen ireland grown up with a atmospher of fear and tension . both protestant and catholic also been segregated socialy in the way they live , work and play.this cause the young people lived there have lack of understanding between them.
people view by teenage boy of protestant
i would mix but i have no chance . if u mix u will get scolded by bot protestant and catholic .
economy consequece
it has affected the domestic and foreign investment in the country
many factory are closed down due the violence increased operating cost . the contastant threat of bobbings and high cost of security make large manufacturers in great number. this cause people loss their job and due to this there are massive umployment.
thank you
Social Consequence of Northern ireland.
Social Segregation. Segragation means dividing people into groups and keeping them separate.Segregation in Northern Ireland is a long-running issue in the political and social history of the province. It often been regarded as both a cause and effect of The Troubles between the Roman Catholic and Protestant populations of Northern Ireland.
A combination of political, religious and social differences plus the threat of intercommunal tensions and violence has led to widespread self-segregation of the two communities. Catholics and Protestants lead largely separate lives in a situation that some have dubbed "self-imposed apartheid". The academic John Whyte argued that "the two factors which do most to divide Protestants as a whole from Catholics as a whole are endogamy and separate education
People in Northern Ireland grown up in a atmosphere of tension and violence.Both the Protestants and Catholics have been segregated socially in how they live, work and play. It is possible for young people in Northern Lreland to not meeting someone from the other community. This led to lack of understanding between the two groups.
Andre,3A2
An Early attempt
A serious attempt to bring about a resolution to the conflict was made in 1985 when British and Irish prime ministers Margaret Thatcher and Garrett Fitzgerald signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which recognized for the first time the Republic of Ireland's right to have a consultative role in the affairs of Northern Ireland. However, Protestant politicians who opposed the Agreement were able to block its implementation.
The IRA declares a cease-fire
Further talks between rival Catholic and Protestant officials and the British and Irish governments occurred during the early 1990s. Then, in late Aug. 1994 the peace process received a big boost when the pro-Catholic IRA announced a cease-fire. This made it possible for Sinn Fein, the political arm of the IRA, to participate in multiparty peace talks; hitherto Sinn Fein had been barred from such talks because of its association with the IRA and its terrorist tactics.
Sinn Fein Participates in Official Talks
On Dec. 9, 1994, the first officially sanctioned, publicly announced talks took place between Sinn Fein and British officials. Negotiators for Sinn Fein pushed for a British withdrawal from Northern Ireland; Great Britain countered that the IRA must give up its weapons before Sinn Fein would be allowed to negotiate on the same basis as other parties. The issue of IRA disarmament would continue to be a sticking point throughout the negotiations.
An Anglo-Irish Proposal for Peace
In late Feb. 1995, the British and Irish governments released their joint proposal for talks on the future of Northern Ireland. The talks were to be held in three phases involving the political parties of Northern Ireland, the Irish government, and the British government. The talks would focus on the establishment of a form of self-government for Northern Ireland and the formation of Irish-Northern Irish "cross-border" bodies that would be set up to oversee such domestic concerns as agriculture, tourism, and health. Results of the talks would be put to referendums in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
The U.S. Gets Involved
In Dec. 1995, former US senator George Mitchell was brought in to serve as mediator for the peace talks. His report issued in Jan. 1996 recommended the gradual disarmament of the IRA during the course of the talks, thus breaking the deadlock caused by the IRA's refusal to disarm.
Multiparty Talks Open in Belfast
On June 10, 1996, multiparty peace talks opened in Belfast. However, because of the breakdown of the IRA cease-fire the preceding Feb., Sinn Fein was turned away. Following the resumption of the cease-fire in July 1997, full-scale peace negotiations began in Belfast on Oct. 7, 1997. Great Britain attended as well as most of Northern Ireland's feuding political parties, including Sinn Fein and the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), the largest Protestant political party in Northern Ireland. The more extreme Democratic Unionist Party and the tiny United Kingdom Unionist Party refused to join.
The civil rights marches put pressure on the Northern Ireland government to pass anti-discrimination measures in Northern Ireland. Following further civil rights demonstrations and pressure from Britain, the government announced sweeping reforms of local government in Northern Ireland.
MD WAN FADHLI(35)
3A2
POLITICAL CONSEQUENCE
The Social Consequences of Northern Ireland Conflict is a long-running issue in the political and social history of the province. It has often been regarded as both a cause and effect of "The Troubles" between the Roman Catholic and Protestant populations of Northern Ireland.A combination of political, religious and social differences plus the threat of intercommunal tensions and violence has led to widespread self-segregation of the two communities.
Education in Northern Ireland is heavily segregated. Most state schools in Northern Ireland are predominantly Protestant, while the majority of Catholic children attend schools maintained by the Catholic Church. In all, 90 per cent of children in Northern Ireland still go to separate faith schools.The consequence is, as one commentator has put it, that "the overwhelming majority of Ulster's children can go from four to 18 without having a serious conversation with a member of a rival creed." The prevalence of segregated education has been cited as a major factor in maintaining endogamy (marriage within one's own group)
However, the Integrated Education movement has sought to reverse this trend by establishing non-denominational schools such as the Portadown Integrated Primary. Such schools are, however, still the exception to the general trend of segregated education.
Employment in the Northern Irish economy is also highly segregated, particularly at senior levels of the public sector and in certain sectors of the economy, such as shipbuilding and heavy engineering. Emigration to seek employment was significantly more prevalent among the Catholic population. As a result, Northern Ireland's demography shifted further in favour of Protestants leaving their ascendancy seemingly impregnable by the late 1950s.
Public housing is overwhelmingly segregated between the two communities. Intercommunal tensions have forced substantial numbers of people to move from mixed areas into areas inhabited exclusively by one denomination, thus increasing the degree of segregation. The extent of self-segregation grew very rapidly with the outbreak of the Troubles.In response to intercommunal violence, the British Army constructed a number of high walls euphemistically called "peace lines" to separate rival neighbourhoods. These have multiplied over the years and now number forty separate barriers, mostly located in Belfast. Despite the moves towards peace between Northern Ireland's political parties and most of its paramilitary groups, the construction of "peace lines" has actually increased during the ongoing peace process; the number of "peace lines" doubled in the ten years between 1995 and 2005.
Nigee, 41
3A2
In the 1920s and early 1930s, the Republic of Ireland pursued a low-tax, low-spending, non-interventionist approach under the government of W. T. Cosgrave and Cumann na nGaedhael, focused mainly on agriculture, with livestock farming of primary importance. The only notable expense the government went to during this time was for the rural electrification scheme, which saw £5,000,000 spent in constructing the Ardnacrusha hydroelectric power station on the river Shannon (also known as the Shannon Scheme). During this period, 97% of trade was done with Britain. This government favoured free-trade.[citation needed] However many[who?] saw this as inadequate after the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
In 1932, Eamonn De Valera's Fianna Fáil party defeated Cosgrave's party with a solid majority. De Valera's policy was of economic nationalism, a belief in self-sufficiency, and attempted industrialization. Fianna Fáil abandoned free trade and put up protective tariffs on almost all manufactured products. In June, 1932 De Valera withheld land annuities, which dated back to the land acts of the 18th and early 19th century, which were until then paid to the British Government. Britain responded by placing tariffs on Irish exports of livestock and by-products. In turn De Valera imposed duties on British coal. This developed into an 'economic war' known as the Anglo-Irish Trade War. The economic war resulted in widespread hardship for Irish farming, which was the backbone of the economy, and which relied on exports to English cities for a market. The tariffs resulted in price increases for many essential manufactured goods, and an increase in the cost of living. High unemployment in richer English speaking countries made emigration from Ireland less of an option, decreasing wages. At this time many Irish industries were established, based of low wages, and protectionist barriers. With the British anticipating war, and the Irish in a dire financial situation, the trade war ended in 1938, with the British agreeing to discontinue land annuity payments from Irish farmers. Fianna Fáil established many semi-state organizations for the purposes of utilizing national resources, and marshalling larger scale industries. At this time the Irish economy enjoyed a stable period.
Fianna Fáil remained in power until 1948, when the first coalition government ousted them. To the present day, the two largest parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, have dominated the scene, Fine Gael traditionally being seen as less interventionist in economic matters. Fianna Fáil have become less interventionist and more market driven in the early 1990s, especially when in alliance with the small pro-business party, the Progressive Democrats.
Northern Ireland experienced a boom during World War II, as a result of demand for its principal industries, shipbuilding and linen making, and got a lot of support from the British government thereafter. In comparison, Ireland did not experience a WWII boom and its situation declined relative to Northern Ireland. In the 1950s there was a dramatic decrease in the population of working age, as workers picked up better paid jobs in Britain and North America. This was a period of great concern, with considerable social heamorrhaging taking place in rural Ireland in particular. In the early 1960s, the new Fianna Fáil leader Seán Lemass abandoned its previous protectionist policies, and embarked on a programme of economic reform. Serious efforts were made to attract inward investment from the United States in particular, and to a lesser extent West Germany, and Japan. Purpose built industrial estates were developed in most large towns. Rural Electrification, the division of large estates, and agricultural scientific education resulted in dramatic increases in agricultural output in the 1960s. In 1972, second level education was made free and compulsory. Ireland applied to join the European Economic Community, gaining entry in 1973 along with Britain.
From 1973 to 1983, the island of Ireland was hit by two oil crises, a series of bank strikes that paralysed business activity for 18 months, poor industrial relations, public pay rises, and runaway inflation. However, poor management of the state finances was being addressed with repeated increases in taxation of all beneficial activity, until employment became less attractive than welfare. At the same time it was found that Irish industry was completely unprepared for competition that arose as a result of free trade with continental Europe. Ireland's heavy industries, located primarily in Cork, almost disappeared between 1982 and 1984. Agriculture, the only sector of the economy which was competitive at this stage, was constrained by production quotas, and prevented from taking up the slack in the economy. At the same time Ireland was producing its first generation where university education was widely attained. There was mass unemployment, with many people with tertiary education working minimum wage jobs or being out of work. Emigration returned to 50,000 per year. From 1982 to 1986 the national debt had doubled, mostly due to stabilisation policies like welfare, gigantic subsidies to semistate organisations and public utilities, and an effort to reduce inflation and stabilise the currency.
osman(36) 3A2
POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
Based on what i know , the civil rights marches put pressure on the Northern Ireland government to pass anti-discrimination measures in Northern Ireland. The civil rights demonstrations and pressure from Britain leads to the government's announced on sweeping reforms of local government in Northern Ireland.
One of the most remarkable aspects of the Civil Rights campaigns of 1968 was their success in forcing through some reforms. After two civil rights marches , the Northern Ireland government agreed to abolish the unfair voting system. They also promised to review the schemes for allocating government-owned houses.
In January 1972 , the Bloody Sunday occurred. The Northern Ireland government was suspended in March. This meant that laws and decisions governing Northern Ireland were to be made in London. In 1973 , an agreement was reached to introduce power sharing between Catholics and protestants. In 1974 , the agreement on power sharing was removed through a Protestant workers' strike. In 1988 , another agreement was reached to re-introduce power sharing but has not been fully implemented as the different political parties refused to share power.
MUHAMMAD JUMAT(33)
3A2
Political Consequences
From 1970-1990, the British govt. had made attempts to bring peace to northern Ireland. They had signed an agreement which is the Good Friday Agreement. It was signed in Belfast on April 10 1998.
When people in northern Ireland voted it seemed like a cause for celebration. However it was not a smooth one.
The peace efforts were not accepted
Irish Republic Army (IRA) which had series of bomb attacks in Belfast.
Anger at local government control by unionists, and the alleged awarding of social housing to Protestants to ensure unionist majorities in areas with large Catholic populations, was a significant factor in the creation of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association in the 1960s, with a sit-in by nationalist politician Austin Currie in a house granted to a 19-year old single Protestant woman (who worked for the Ulster Unionist Party) ahead of a large homeless Catholic family triggering off the movement.
Khairuzzaman (34) 3A2
WHAt IS CONFLICt
Conflict is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests. A conflict can be internal or external Conflict as a concept can help explain many aspects of social life such as social disagreement, conflicts of interests, and fights between individuals, groups, or organizations. In political terms, "conflict" can refer to wars, revolutions or other struggles, which may involve the use of force as in the term armed conflict .
Political consequence in Northerm Ireland
Much of the population of Northern Ireland identifies with one of two different ideologies, unionist (who want the region to remain part of the United Kingdom) and nationalist (who want a united Ireland). Unionists are predominantly protestant, most of whom belong to the Presbyterian Church in Ireland or the Church of Ireland. Nationalists are predominantly Irish Catholic. However, not all Catholics support nationalism, and not all Protestants support unionism. It is also important to note that, in parallel with other parts of Europe, the proportion of the population practising their religious beliefs has fallen dramatically .The civil rights marches put pressure on the Northern Ireland to pass anti-discrimination measures Northern Ireland .
Economic consequences in Northern Ireland
The economy of Northern Ireland has been heavily affected by the conflict . Besides , it has also discouraged domestic and foreign investments in the country .
It has also caused many people to lose their jobs .this kept many foreign investors from investing in the economy .
Social consequences of Northern Ireland
There was social segregation between the protestants and catholics. The people in Northern Ireland had grown up in an atmosphere of tension and violence The protestants and catholics have been segregated socially be it live ,work ,play .
Done By:Samuel Poh
3A2
The economy of the Republic of Ireland is modern and trade-dependent with growth averaging a robust 10% per annum in 1995–2000. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry, which accounts for 46% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and employs 29% of the labour force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's robust growth, the economy is also benefiting from a rise in consumer spending and recovery in both construction and business investment.
pravin reg(38)3a2
The 2 Groups Of people who lived in Northern Ireland were the Protestants and Catholics.Protestant controls Northern Ireland and the made Penal Laws Against the Catholics.The Catholics cannot buy land,vote,join the army and recieve any higher education.
Social Consequences
The local Irish Catholics sought limited slef-government known as homeRule in 1800s,in 1921 Ireland was divided into 2 seperate parts based on the majority religion on each part.The Catholics in the North were still continued ti be treated unfairly by the Protestant government.The Protestants and Catholics have been segregated socially in the way they live,work and play.The Belfast 'peace' wall is one of the many walls build to separate Catholics and Protestants
Done By:Jonathan Yeo(41)
3a2
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